Behavioral Design for Healthcare

Behavior change is the product. We study what moves it.

Adherence, adoption, and engagement are behavior problems before they are product problems. We surface the behavioral barriers your dashboards record but never explain — and identify which interventions are most likely to work before expensive implementation begins.

Why evidence fails in the real world.

Clinical outcomes aren't just about the molecule or the algorithm. They're about the human systems that adopt them. We bridge the gap between "it works in theory" and "it works in the workflow."

The Position

Implementation science tells you a barrier exists. It rarely tells you why the person is stuck.

CFIR, RE-AIM, and NPT are good at what they were built for — mapping determinants, evaluating reach and maintenance, explaining how a practice becomes routine. We use them. But they were built to study organizations adopting practices, and the failures we get called in on happen one person at a time, before adoption ever begins.

Where the standard toolkit stops

Three gaps we keep running into

  • It starts after adoption begins. RE-AIM measures reach, adoption, implementation, maintenance — every stage sits downstream of the decision to change. Nothing upstream asks why a person would want to.
  • The unit is the organization; the failure is the individual. CFIR has an individuals domain, but it treats people as adopters inside a system rather than as people making progress in their own lives.
  • Determinants aren't mechanisms. Naming "cost" or "access" as a barrier doesn't say what it does to motivation, ability, or prompting — which is why mapping determinants to ERIC strategies remains an open problem in the field.
What we add

Three lenses that reach further up and further down

  • Jobs to Be Done and Customer Progress. Why a person would change at all — the progress they're reaching for, and the six forces acting on that decision before any intervention exists.
  • Staged behavioral science. Where someone actually sits in the change process, and which barrier binds at that stage — not a flat list of obstacles.
  • Behavioral design. A named strategy for each barrier, so the finding arrives as something you can build against rather than something you have to interpret.

Implementation science asks why a practice fails to take hold. We ask what the person was trying to accomplish before anyone offered them a practice — and that answer usually explains the first question.

The Methodology

We answer the six core questions of implementation.

Successful adoption isn't an accident. It's the result of systematically de-risking the gap between clinical intent and real-world application.

What is being implemented?

Intervention, practice, workflow, innovation

Who is adopting it?

Individuals, teams, organizations, systems

Where is it implemented?

Context, environment, constraints

How is it implemented?

Processes, strategies, sequencing, workarounds

Why does it succeed or fail?

Behavioral mechanisms, barriers, facilitators

Does it last?

Sustainability under real-world conditions

The Research System

One system, three lenses.
Each removes a different uncertainty.

No single method answers an implementation question on its own. Synthetic research produces the first map — which barriers look like they bind, which strategies are worth evaluating, and what to actually ask — fast, and before you have spent anything on recruitment. Its unit is the archetype — constructed positions deliberately spread across a population, so the behavioral range is covered before you know which part of it matters. Human-participant research then works one person at a time: AI-moderated interviews for reach across individuals, 1:1 interviews for depth on any one of them. The expertise isn't in owning three methods. It's in knowing which uncertainty you are actually trying to remove — and at which level.

01 · Archetypes · Range

Synthetic Research

Formative by design, and archetype-based — not generic AI personas. Each archetype is a deliberate position in the population, spread across six-force demand psychology, stage of change, and personality range, then read with the same apparatus we bring to human data.

Removes uncertainty about
Which barriers and strategies matter across the population
Best for:
  • Behavioral range across a whole population
  • A first map of barriers by stage
  • Candidate design strategies to evaluate
  • Populations that are slow or costly to recruit

Arrive at the human research already knowing where to look. Formative only — every barrier and strategy it surfaces is a candidate for validation, never a finding.

02 · Individuals · Reach

AI-Moderated Interviews

Real individuals, conversationally interviewed at a scale and speed a 1:1 schedule cannot reach. The instrument is the one the synthetic phase helped shape, so each conversation starts further along.

Removes uncertainty about
Whether the pattern holds in actual individuals
Best for:
  • Confirming a pattern at larger n
  • Language and terminology discovery
  • Geographic and demographic spread
  • Segment differences you suspect but can't see

Reach more individuals without widening the timeline. The same people you would interview yourself — more of them, sooner.

03 · Individuals · Depth

1:1 Expert Interviews

The deepest read on a single individual. Switching interviews run by hand, where the causal story and the moments that actually moved one person come out.

Removes uncertainty about
Why the behavior happens the way it does
Best for:
  • Causality and the switching moment
  • Emotional and social jobs
  • Organizational adoption barriers
  • Decisions with real money behind them

The deepest read on mechanism. Irreplaceable, and the reason the other two exist — they get you here faster and better prepared.

What you need to know
Where to start · unit
Which barriers bind across a population, and which strategies to evaluate
Synthetic · archetypes
Whether the pattern holds in real individuals
AI-moderated · individuals
Why the behavior actually happens for one person
1:1 · individuals

Can synthetic research replace interviews?

No — and we would not sell it to you on that basis. Synthetic work is formative, not confirmatory. It is fast and cheap enough to run before you have committed to a research design, which makes it excellent at mapping candidate barriers, surfacing strategies worth evaluating, and shaping the instrument. What it cannot do is tell you any of that is true of real people. That is what the human-participant modalities are for, and every study we run is scoped so the synthetic phase hands off to them.

The Interpretive Stack

Rigor comes from integration,
not allegiance to one framework.

Most research stops at findings. We run every study through three integrated disciplines—so evidence moves from demand, to diagnosis, to design.

01 — Understand Demand

Jobs-to-Be-Done & Customer Progress

The lens that reaches furthest upstream. Why a person would change at all, what progress they're hiring an intervention for, and the six forces — Pushes, Pulls, Desires, Avoidances, Habits, Anxieties — acting on that decision before any intervention exists.

02 — Diagnose Behavior

Behavioral & Implementation Science

Where adoption breaks, and at which stage. Every interview read through the stages of change, then against capability, opportunity, and motivation and the belief structures that govern health decisions.

03 — Design Interventions

Applied Behavioral Design

Diagnosis translated into intervention strategy—making the target behavior easier, timelier, more attractive, and sustainable under real-world conditions.

Grounded in the 5 Laws of Behavior

Make It Toolkit© — Massimo Ingegno
1st Law
B = f(P × E)

Behavior is always a function of the Person and the Environment—change the environment before trying to change the person.

2nd Law
B = S1 + S2

Two decision systems drive behavior—System 1 (fast, automatic) and System 2 (slow, deliberate). Most adoption runs on System 1.

3rd Law
B = ABC

Every behavior has an Activator and a Consequence—and consequences determine whether the behavior continues or stops.

4th Law
B = MAP

Behavior follows the status quo unless Motivation, Ability, and a timely Prompt align at the same moment.

5th Law
B = f(I, E)

Behavior is shaped by Intrinsic motivation from inherently rewarding activity and Extrinsic motivation from rewards and avoidances.

Why it matters: single-framework research finds what its framework looks for. Integrating demand-side, diagnostic, and design-side disciplines is how we catch the failure modes each lens misses alone.

Who This Is For

Three buyers, in the order we serve them.

VP Product · Head of Clinical Innovation · Patient & Member Engagement

Digital Health & HealthTech

Your product works for the people who use it. The problem is how few of them keep using it — and your instrumentation records the drop-off without ever explaining it.

Find out why engagement decays
Adoption ≠ activation ≠ sustained use
Why the engagement curve flattens
Pre-build research on a feature bet
Populations you can't easily recruit

Practical research for decision-makers.

What This Is Not
  • Clinical Trials
  • Academic Research
  • Generic UX Research
  • AI replacing people
Instead, This Is

Formative, implementation-focused research designed to inform better decisions before rollout and scale. We translate evidence into operational reality.

How Engagements Work

Structured for speed. Grounded in science.

Week 1

Diagnostic Phase

We frame the behavior before we study it—defining the job, the population, and where adoption is most likely to break.

  • Job & scope definition — map the intervention against the six core implementation questions
  • Archetype roster — define the patient, clinician, or org profiles the study will model
  • Barrier hypotheses — a first COM-B pass to locate the likely capability, opportunity, or motivation gaps
Exit Gate Signed-off research brief: job, archetypes, and prioritized risk zones.
Weeks 2–3

Modality Sync

We deploy the modality mix the question demands—triangulating signal rather than relying on a single source.

  • Modality selection — interviews, AI-moderated, and/or synthetic, matched to depth and scale needs
  • Instrument design — discussion guides and simulation parameters built on the six-forces model
  • Field & triangulate — run the study and cross-check findings across modalities for convergence
Exit Gate Triangulated evidence set with convergence and outlier signals flagged.
Week 4

Actionable Synthesis

We turn evidence into a decision—diagnosing the dominant forces and specifying the interventions that address them.

  • Six-forces synthesis — isolate the forces driving and resisting adoption in this population
  • Framework diagnosis — locate barriers across COM-B, TDF, and Health Belief domains
  • Intervention set — matched Make It Toolkit strategies, prioritized by impact and feasibility
Deliverable Readiness report: prioritized failure modes and workflow-specific interventions.

Typical engagement: 3–4 weeks · Scoped per intervention · Modality mix set in Phase 01

What You Receive

Seven artifacts, not a slide deck of observations.

Every study lands as a set of things you can act on. The Living with COPD study is the worked example — each artifact below appears in it.

01

Barriers mapped by stage of change

Which barrier binds at which stage, so you know where in the journey a person actually falls off — not a flat list of obstacles.

02

Jobs to Be Done map

The functional, emotional, and social progress people are reaching for, stated in their terms rather than yours.

03

Six-force demand profile

Pushes, Pulls, Desires, Avoidances, Habits, and Anxieties mapped across the cohort — what's driving toward change and what's holding against it.

04

Behavioral archetypes

Distinct participant profiles with personality range, showing where the population genuinely differs rather than averaging it away.

05

Barrier-type classification

Each barrier sorted by kind, because a friction barrier and a belief barrier call for entirely different responses.

06

Prioritized design strategies

A named behavioral strategy against each binding barrier, so the finding arrives as something to build against.

07

Decision-ready readout

The synthesis, the confidence you should place in it, and what it means for the decision you brought us.

What this is not. We identify which interventions are most likely to work before expensive implementation begins. We don't build the intervention, run the pilot, or own the rollout — those stay with your team, and we scope the research so it hands off cleanly to them.

Behavioral Research

Featured Studies

Formative studies that map where behavior breaks down — and what would have to change for it to hold.

Digital Health

Living with CPAP

Coming soon
The Challenge

Roughly half of patients abandon a device they know works—the intervention succeeds clinically and fails behaviorally.

The Study
Synthetic study of device abandonment—the habit collapse and 2am friction points that adherence data records but never explains.
Method:
Synthetic
Key Finding
Abandonment is a habits-and-anxieties problem—capability was never the barrier
HealthTech

Living with GLP-1s

Coming soon
The Challenge

Roughly half of patients discontinue within the first year—and the barriers are behavioral, not clinical.

The Study
Two-wave synthetic study of persistence and discontinuation across ten patient archetypes spanning the full journey — initiation, disruption, and exit.
Method:
Synthetic
Key Finding
Anxieties and identity triggers drive discontinuation—long before churn shows up in refill data
Public Health

Living with COPD

The Challenge

A condition that skews rural and low-income, where daily self-management collapses under routine disruption and constrained access.

The Study
Nine participants across Appalachia, the Deep South, and the Rural Midwest. Each interview read through the Transtheoretical Model and the Make It Toolkit, with six-force demand psychology mapped across the cohort.
Method:
Synthetic
Key Finding
The most reliable adherence mechanism on the panel wasn't an app or a reminder — it was another person asking
Read the study →

Behavior change is the product. We study what moves it.

For Digital Health, HealthTech, and Public Health teams where adherence and behavior change decide the outcome. Bring one behavior that isn't happening.

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Customer Centric Solutions LLCBehavioral Design for Healthcare

Serving Digital Health, HealthTech, and Public Health.
Seattle, WA • Remote